Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts with others and experiences the world, often with repetitive behaviours or focused interests. Signs usually appear in the first two years of life.
Key takeaways
- Autism is a spectrum: abilities and support needs vary widely.
- Early signs often involve eye contact, responding to name, gestures, pointing and sharing interests.
- Early assessment and support can make a meaningful difference.
What are the early signs?
The CDC lists early signs that include:
- Avoiding or not keeping eye contact
- Not responding to their name by 9 months
- Not playing simple interactive games like pat-a-cake by 12 months
- Using few or no gestures, such as waving goodbye, by 12 months
- Not sharing interests, such as showing you a favourite object, by 15 months
- Not pointing to show you something interesting by 18 months
- Lining up toys and getting upset when the order changes, or being upset by minor changes
- Repeating words or phrases, flapping hands, rocking or spinning
- Unusual reactions to how things sound, smell, taste, look or feel
How is autism diagnosed?
There is no blood test for autism. Diagnosis is made by specialists who observe the child's development and behaviour. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends autism screening at the 18- and 24-month check-ups, alongside general developmental screening.
When to talk to your doctor
Talk to your doctor if you notice several of these signs, or straight away if your child loses language or social skills at any age. You do not need to wait for a diagnosis to ask about early support services.
Frequently asked questions
No. Large studies have repeatedly found no link between vaccines and autism.
A reliable diagnosis is often possible by age 2, and screening can flag concerns earlier.