Infant botulism is a rare but serious illness in babies under 12 months, caused when spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum grow in a baby's gut and release a toxin that affects the nerves. Honey is a known source of the spores, so it should never be given to babies under 1 year.
Key takeaways
- Constipation is often an early sign, followed by weakness.
- Spores can also be found in soil and dust.
- In 2025 and 2026, US outbreaks were linked to a recalled powdered infant formula.
What are the signs?
According to the CDC, signs include constipation, poor feeding, a weak or altered cry, reduced sucking and gag reflexes, floppiness and loss of head control, drooping eyelids and, later, difficulty breathing.
What you can do
- Do not give honey, or foods containing honey, to babies under 12 months.
- Follow product recall notices for infant formula and baby foods.
When to talk to your doctor
Seek urgent medical care if your baby has poor feeding, a weak cry, loss of head control, trouble swallowing or seems unusually floppy. Call your local emergency number if they have difficulty breathing.
Frequently asked questions
It is safest to avoid all foods containing honey before 12 months.